Understanding YourRAADS-R ScoreWhat Your Results Actually Mean
Your RAADS-R score is more than just a number. This comprehensive guide explains what different score ranges indicate, based on the latest 2025 research by Hegarty et al., helping you understand your results in clinical context.
Evidence-Based Interpretation
This score interpretation is based on the latest clinical research, including the 2025 study by Hegarty et al. which analyzed RAADS-R performance across thousands of participants to establish more nuanced score thresholds.
Reference: Hegarty, J.P., et al. (2025). Replication and refinement of RAADS-R thresholds.
The Evolution of RAADS-R Scoring Standards
Understanding how RAADS-R interpretation has evolved helps you contextualize your results. The scoring standards have undergone significant refinement based on accumulating research evidence.
Original Research
Ritvo et al. published the RAADS-R with a single cutoff threshold of 65 points. This threshold was based on analysis of 201 autistic individuals compared to neurotypical controls. At this cutoff, the test showed 97% sensitivity - meaning it identified 97% of autistic individuals correctly.
Replication Challenges
Subsequent studies revealed issues with the 65-point threshold. Researchers found elevated false positive rates, particularly among individuals with ADHD, anxiety disorders, depression, and trauma histories. The 65-105 score range became known as a 'gray zone' where specificity was problematic.
Hegarty et al. Breakthrough Research
The 2025 study by Hegarty and colleagues analyzed thousands of participants to establish refined thresholds. Their research confirmed 97% sensitivity while identifying four clinically meaningful score ranges: below 65 (low likelihood), 65-105 (gray zone), 106-139 (81% specificity), and 140+ (pronounced traits with rare false positives).
Why 65 is No Longer the Gold Standard
The original 65-point cutoff remains useful for initial screening but is insufficient for clinical interpretation. Modern understanding recognizes that scores between 65-105 may reflect multiple conditions, not just autism. The tiered system provides more nuanced guidance: scores below 65 reliably rule out autism, while scores above 106 offer strong positive predictive value. This evolution reflects the scientific method at work - initial findings refined through replication and larger datasets.
Quick Score Summary
Detailed Score Interpretation
Below Threshold
Scores in this range are typical of non-autistic individuals. The 2025 research confirms that scores below 65 have high specificity for ruling out autism spectrum disorder. Most neurotypical adults score in this range.
Neurodivergent Signal (Gray Zone)
This is considered a 'gray zone' with lower specificity. Scores here may indicate autism traits, but could also reflect ADHD, anxiety disorders, social anxiety, or trauma-related conditions. This range requires careful interpretation.
Consistent with Autism
Strong indication of autism spectrum traits. Research shows specificity returns to 81% at this threshold. Scores in this range are consistent with an autism spectrum profile and indicate traits that significantly exceed the neurotypical population.
Pronounced Autism Traits
Very high correlation with autism spectrum disorder. False positives are rare at this level. Individuals scoring 140 or above show pronounced autism traits across multiple domains measured by the RAADS-R.
Maximum Possible Score
The absolute maximum score attainable on the RAADS-R scale. Each of the 80 questions can score 0-3 points, for a total of 240 points. Reaching the maximum is extremely rare.
Key Factors in Score Interpretation
97% Sensitivity
The RAADS-R has 97% sensitivity, meaning it correctly identifies 97% of autistic individuals. This makes it excellent at detecting autism when present - false negatives are rare.
Variable Specificity
Specificity varies by score range. Below 65, specificity is high (few false positives). The 65-105 range has lower specificity. Above 106, specificity returns to 81%.
The Gray Zone (65-105)
Scores in this range may reflect autism, ADHD, anxiety, depression, or trauma. The overlap between conditions means professional evaluation is essential for accurate interpretation.
Professional Evaluation
While the RAADS-R is a validated screening tool, it cannot provide a diagnosis. A comprehensive evaluation by a qualified professional considers your full history and presentation.
Important Considerations
- •The RAADS-R is a screening tool, not a diagnostic instrument. Only qualified healthcare professionals can diagnose autism spectrum disorder.
- •Your current mental health state can affect your score. Anxiety, depression, or stress may influence how you answer questions.
- •Cultural and individual differences in self-perception may affect results. Some people naturally minimize or exaggerate traits.
- •A single score doesn't capture the full picture. Consider your four dimensional scores (Social, Interests, Language, Sensory) for a more complete understanding.
RAADS-R Score FAQ
Common questions about RAADS-R score interpretation
What does a RAADS-R score of 65 mean?
A score of 65 is at the traditional threshold between typical and elevated scores. According to 2025 research, scores of 65-105 fall into a 'gray zone' with lower specificity. This means your score could indicate autism traits, but could also reflect other conditions like ADHD or anxiety. Professional evaluation is recommended to clarify.
Is a high RAADS-R score bad?
A high score isn't 'bad' - it simply indicates the presence of autism spectrum traits. Many people find relief in understanding their traits, whether or not they pursue formal diagnosis. The score provides information that can lead to better self-understanding and appropriate support.
Can my RAADS-R score change over time?
While core autism traits are stable, your score might vary slightly due to: current mental health state, life circumstances, increased self-awareness, or changes in coping strategies. Significant changes warrant discussion with a professional.
What if my score is just below or above a threshold?
Scores near thresholds should be interpreted cautiously. A score of 64 vs 66 doesn't represent a meaningful clinical difference. Focus on the overall pattern and consider your four dimensional scores rather than fixating on being just above or below a cutoff.
Why is the 65-105 range called a 'gray zone'?
Research by Hegarty et al. (2025) found that scores in this range have lower specificity - meaning elevated scores here may reflect autism OR other conditions like ADHD, anxiety disorders, or trauma. This overlap makes professional evaluation especially important for accurate interpretation.
Should I show my RAADS-R results to a doctor?
Yes, if you're considering professional evaluation. RAADS-R results provide useful screening information that can guide the diagnostic process. Bring your score breakdown including the four dimensional scores for a more complete picture.
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